Online Nursing

                               Cancer Cancer is a significant global health issue and ranks as the second highest cause of death. It is a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrollable growth and spread of abnormal cells. These cancerous cells can invade surrounding tissues and can travel through the bloodstream or lymphatic system to distant parts of the body. The disease can have a profound impact on a person's physical, mental, and social well-being. Symptoms that may indicate the presence of cancer include fatigue that doesn’t get better with rest, changes in bowel such as constipation or diarrhoea, that doesn’t go away, changes in bladder habits such as pain when passing urine, blood in the urine or needing to pass urine more or less often, unexplained pain or sore that does not heal, abnormal bleeding or discharge from the body orifices, lumps or thickening in the body, nausea and vomiting, difficulty swallowing, changes in skin or moles, persistent cough or hoarseness

Nursing role in caring and educating patients with Heart Failure       The nurses are essential in the care of patients suffering from heart failure (HF) and their management. The primary goals of care for patients with HF include relieving their symptoms, improving their quality of life, prolonging their lives, and reducing hospital admissions associated with this condition. The nurses are responsible for assessing signs and symptoms, and providing education to patients and their families on self-care and lifestyle changes. This includes advice on smoking, diet, alcohol consumption, medication and device use, stress management, weight monitoring, sodium and fluid restrictions, recognizing worsening symptoms, regular exercise, and follow‐up appointment. Individuals with HF and their support networks must also learn about the condition, medical devices, other treatments and technologies needed to manage HF such as mechanical circulatory support and heart transplantation. Nurses also nee

Heart Failure Heart failure (HF) is a condition where the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs, leading to organ failure, weakness, and difficulty breathing. It is when the heart cannot supply adequate blood flow to the body to meet its metabolic requirements. HF is caused by systemic diseases, genetic abnormalities, and structural or functional issues in the heart, causing decreased cardiac output or increased pressure within heart chambers during activity or rest. This is a condition characterized by symptoms like difficulty breathing, swelling in the ankles, and fatigue. Signs of heart failure may include an increase in jugular venous pressure, crackling sounds in the lungs, and swelling in the extremities. The treatment of heart failure patients often requires a multifaceted approach, which may include medications, the use of medical devices, and even heart transplantation. Patients diagnosed with HF with Reduced Ejection Fraction should receive Angiote

 Diabetic Retinopathy  Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a potentially fatal eye condition associated with diabetes. High blood sugar levels can cause damage to blood vessels in the retina, resulting in vision impairment and even blindness. The disorder, which affects several regions of the eye, is considered irreversible.  The number of people worldwide who are blind due to diabetic retinopathy has increased from 0.2 million to 0.4 million. Approximately 35.4% of diabetic patients globally have diabetic retinopathy, with a third of those experiencing sight-threatening DR and 7.6% having macular oedema. Diabetic retinopathy can develop in four stages, starting from mild, moving to moderate, then severe non-proliferative, and finally proliferative diabetic retinopathy. In the initial stage, the retina swells like a balloon (microaneurysm). As it progresses to the moderate stage, there is blockage of the blood vessels supplying the retina. In severe non-proliferative retinopathy, the blockage